Palo Alto Basic

 Notes:

>   !!operation mode

#   !!configuration mode

serial cable

wait for prompt "PA-VM" then login with below default account.

admin/admin

HW FW management port default IP is 192.168.1.1,
VM FW management port doesn't have a static  IP,  it is DHCP client.

show interface management

To change mgmt IP:

configure

set deviceconfig system type static

set deviceconfig system ip-address 172.16.1.100
set deviceconfig system netmask 255.255.255.0
set deviceconfig system default-gateway 172.16.1.1

or 
set deviceconfig system ip-address 172.16.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 default-gateway 172.16.1.1

set deviceconfig system ip-address <Panorama-IP> netmask <netmask> default-gateway <gateway-IP> dns-setting servers primary <DNS-IP>  

validate full
show jobs all

commit

then login GUI 

Change admin password. Device >Administrators

Setup hostname, domain, and time zone. Device>Setup>Management

Add DNS server and NTP server IPs. Device>Setup>Services

Service route 

License
   Demo license activation:
      1. Add VM Auth-Code in Support portal
      2. GUI> Device > Licenses > Activate feature using authorization code.

Software -- for OS updates

Dynamic updates  - For app, threat etc update

limit of VM

HA - Active/Passive only

10 interfaces

no vsys

vmotion is not allow

jumbo frame is not supported

LAG is on VM itself

Factory Reset method:

1.reboot from console
2. Enter "maint" mode
3. Choose "Factory Reset"
4. Wait for reload...

Ethernet Interface Types

1. tap mode - one port, IDS
2. L2 mode  !!switch ports, optional VLAN interface to route traffic to other networks
3. V-wire   -transparent FW, only two ports, IPS
4. L3 mode
5. HA

loopback interface
tunnel interface
subinterface

Network> VLANs
  a broadcast domain, or bridge domain, contains multiple L2 interfaces, even L2 sub-interfaces are tagged differently. 

Interface management profile  -- service or IP filter

When configure interface IP Address, put ip address directly, no need to create address object.

Security policy

Intra-zone is allowed by default

Inter-zone is denied by default
   Internet traffic to FW outside interface matches Intra-zone default policy (untrust to untrust). Create a rule near the top to block traffic to FW outside interface. GlobalProtect rule should be above it.
or create a explicit deny untrust-to untrust rule above intrazone-default rule

Create Zones  - different type interface has different zone.

Create management profile for interfaces

Create objects for interface IPs

Create interfaces.
    Create sub-interface if trunk

SNAT:
static 
dynamic IP and port  - PAT
dynamic IP

When create PAT:

Or:

 

Specify interface IP is optional.

DNAT:
source zone and destination are both Untrusted.

static
port forwarding

Security Policy.

use applications in policy, can use Application Filters (dynamic) or Application Groups (static) 
application dependency (implicit, explicit)

Object: DBL (Dynamic block list) - New term: External Dynamic Lists
after created, use it in address section is Security Policy

Use NATed IP address in security policy for inbound access.

License:

Threat and Protection: Anti-virus, anti-spyware, vulnerabilities.

URL:URL filter

WildFire: malware analysis, PA cloud sandbox

WildFire Verdicts:
Benign:  safe
Grayware: adware, spyware, and Browser Helper Objects (BHOs).
Phishing:
Malicious: Malware includes virus, worms, Trojans, rootkits, and botnets.

Content ID

Security Profiles:

Antivirus
Anti-Spyware
Vulnerabilities

Above three in threat log.

URL filtering
File Blocking
Data Filtering

DoS protection profile: flood protection and resource protection, then attach to Dos Protection Policy

Zone protection profile

User ID:

AD user agent
LDAP user agent
captive portal
TS agent
PAN client

Group mapping, then group can be used in security policy
1. Create server profile, like ldap server profile.
2. User Identification > Group Mapping Setting

User Mapping (Agentless), for user-IP mapping, pull user login log via WMI
User Identification > User mapping > Palo Alto Networks User-ID Agent Setup > Server Monitor Account.
User Identification > User mapping > Palo Alto Networks User-ID Agent Setup > Server Monitor.

User Identification > User mapping >  Server Monitoring.

 

How to Configure Agentless User-ID
 https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA10g000000ClGGCA0

show user user-ids match-user []
show user ip-user-mapping all

Authentication Profile refers a server profile (with Allow List), then be used in creating admin account or  captive portal to actually authenticate user:

test authentication authentication-profile Auth-Profile username user1 password 

admin@Panorama> test authentication authentication-profile AuthProfielLDAP username user1 password
Enter password :
Target vsys is not specified, user "user1" is assumed to be configured with a shared auth profile.
Do allow list check before sending out authentication request...
name "user1" is in group "all"
Authentication to LDAP server at 172.16.1.10 for user "user1"
Egress: 172.16.1.62
Type of authentication: plaintext
Starting LDAP connection...
Succeeded to create a session with LDAP server
DN sent to LDAP server: CN=user1,CN=Users,DC=lab,DC=local
User expires in days: never
Authentication succeeded for user "user1"
admin@Panorama>

If use local user DB for admin access:

1. Create a local user and/or user group

2. Create a Authentication Profile, authentication type choose Local Database, configure Allow List.

3. Create an administrator identical name with step one, choose Authentication Profile created in step2. Assign Administrator Type Dynamic or Role Based. 

 

If use external DB like radius for admin access:

    only Radius, TACACS+ and SAML are supported.

1. Create Server profile

2. Create Authentication Profile, authentication type choose the one created in spep1.

3. Device>Setup>Management>Authentication Settings, select Authentication Profile created in step 2.

4. Create an Admin Role Profile

Authentication Policy define what trigger the authentication.

SSL Decryption

1. SSL Forward Proxy - decrypt outbound traffic for user access Internet

2. SSL Inbound Inspection - decrypt inbound traffic for server behind FW

Apply Decryption Policy

Wildfire

could service detect unknown threats, generate verdict:

Benign -- Allow
Grayware -- Allow
Phishing -- Deny
Malware -- Deny

1.QoS Profile (aka service-map)
 Define BW usage or PQ for each class

2. QoS Policy (aka class-map)
Define what traffic assign to which class.
Qos policy processed after other policies.

3. Activate QoS on an interface (aka service-policy), assign QoS Profile
Network>QoS

============Log==============

1. Device >  Server Profiles: SNMP trap, Email, Syslog and HTTP

2. For system, configuration etc, Device > Log Settings

3. For traffic related, Objects > Log forwarding

 3.1 specify Log Type, Forward Method
       if log forwarding profile is "default", it will be selected by all security policy automatically.

     3.2. Assign the  Log Forwarding profile to a Security Policy

VM-Series Plugin

The VM-Series firewalls include the VM-Series plugin, a built-in plugin architecture for integration with public cloud providers or private cloud hypervisors. The VM-Series plugin can be manually upgraded independent of PAN-OS

Device > 

VM-Series

If your firewall is deployed on a hypervisor or cloud without a public interface (for example, VMware ESXi), the tab is named VM-Series and displays a general message.

Log in to the VM-Series firewall and check the dashboard to view the plugin version.

Device > 

Plugins
download and install. 

Configuration Management

The right top corner dropdown Save changes & Revert changes is about candidate configuration.  They shortcut of  menu of Device> Setup > Operations 
     Save candidate configuration     .snapshot.xml
     Revert to running configuration  running-config.xml

Reset Configuration

1. When admin password is known, and wants to keep

 installed content packages

> request system private-data-reset

after system reboot, license is gone, but vm retrieve license works without re-inputing auth-code.

2. When admin password is known, and want to reset to factory default

> debug system maintenance-mode

after system reboot, license is gone, but vm retrieve license works without re-inputing auth-code

3. When admin password is unknown

From console, type maint during bootup

Choose  Reset to Factory Default

Device Certificate

You must install the device certificate on your Next-Generation Firewall to use one or more cloud services. You only need to install a device certificate once. The device certificate has a 90 day lifetime. The firewall re-installs the device certificate 15 days before the certificate expires.

Device> 

Setup> 

Management> 

Device Certificate

issue:

renew device certificate. Invalid request. Authentication failed

fix:

request certificate fetch
show device-certificate status